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Significance of the major histocompatibility complex for organ transplantation
Ilina, Liudmila ; Slavčev, Antonij (advisor) ; Grobárová, Valéria (referee)
The major histocompatibility system is a region in the human genome located on chromosome 6. HLA genes encode polymorphic cell-surface glycoproteins which are primarily responsible for presentation of self and non-self antigens to T cells. When the T lymphocyte recognizes the MHC-peptide complex as foreign, it activates effector components of the innate and adaptive immune system. Therefore, mismatched HLA antigens can lead to a strong immune response against the donor's tissue. HLA laboratories support transplant programs by evaluation the HLA matching between patients and their potential donors and, based on these data, assist in the evaluation of the risk of rejection and eventual immunological complications after transplantation. The aim of this thesis is to describe the significance of the major histocompatibility complex for the occurrence of cellular and antibody-mediated rejection after solid organ transplantation and discuss the relationship between the degree of HLA matching and graft survival outcomes. Key words HLA, organ transplantation, rejection
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Auditory evoked potentials and its sensing
Němečková, Pavla ; Svačinová, Jana (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This thesis deals recording evoked potentials. The TruTrace EMG was used for the recording and data was collected from 10 volunteers. For a better understanding of this is issue, is explained auditory system, recording methods, stimulation pulses and stimulation headphones at first. The main goal of the thesis is to compare the current averaging method with the newly created method. The results from both methods were compared based on their standard error of the mean. Bayesian averaging, new method, was more successful in 65 % than the pre-set rejection method.
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Laptop Touchpad Palm Detection with AI/ML
Menzyński, Mark Alexander ; Kavetskyi, Andrii (referee) ; Drahanský, Martin (advisor)
Situace ohledně detekci a odmítnutí dlaně na laptopech je méně než ideální. Většina výzkumů se zabývá odmítnutím dotyků na dotykových obrazovkách, a na laptopy probíhá téměř žádný. Patrně nějaký uzavřený výzkům probíhá uvnitř výrobců laptopů, ale i přes to je technologie pozadu. Tato práce prozkoumává několik metod plytkého a hlubokého strojového učení, a výsledná přesnost byla zjištěna jako více než dostačující. Také implementuje aplikaci v reálném čase na demonstraci modelu.
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The Extension of the Unacceptability of Cassation Complaint (in 2021)
Hejtmánek, Vojtěch ; Pomahač, Richard (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with institute of the unacceptability of cassation complaint as a filtering mechanism used by the Supreme Administrative Court for the selection of cassation complaints. The thesis briefly explains the theoretical base of the institute and its transformation due to the adoption of the amendment to the Code of Administrative Justice in 2021. The text continues with the critical assessment of the effectivity and rationality of the amendment from its theoretical and empirical perspective. The empiric evaluation is based on the author's own statistical research about ruling of cassation complaints. The author completes the thesis with presenting his ideas and suggestions to adjust the institute de lege ferenda.
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Mechanisms of immune response against kidney allograft
Švachová, Veronika
Kidney transplantation improves the prognosis and quality of life of patients with end- stage renal disease. However, the occurrence of rejection still represents a major complication that can lead to failure of allograft function. In our work, we have studied the phenotypic changes of subpopulations of B lymphocytes and monocytes, which represent one of the key players involved in immune responses against kidney transplantation. In the part of the research devoted to B lymphocytes, we have observed a different redistribution of individual B cell compartments in the peripheral blood during the first year after transplantation without significant differences between used immunosuppression. We have demonstrated that sensitized and rejected patients had a lower level of IgMhigh CD38high CD24high transient B cells. These results support the hypothesis of a protective role of transient B lymphocytes. Activation of monocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood in the posttransplantation perion was also subject of research. We have compared a cohort of patients with normal graft function with a group of patients with acute rejection. The level of "transient" monocytes and HLA-DR expression in a subset of "non-classical" monocytes did not decrease in patients with rejection, compared to the group with a...
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Mechanisms of immune response against kidney allograft
Švachová, Veronika ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Mrázek, František (referee) ; Posová, Helena (referee)
Kidney transplantation improves the prognosis and quality of life of patients with end- stage renal disease. However, the occurrence of rejection still represents a major complication that can lead to failure of allograft function. In our work, we have studied the phenotypic changes of subpopulations of B lymphocytes and monocytes, which represent one of the key players involved in immune responses against kidney transplantation. In the part of the research devoted to B lymphocytes, we have observed a different redistribution of individual B cell compartments in the peripheral blood during the first year after transplantation without significant differences between used immunosuppression. We have demonstrated that sensitized and rejected patients had a lower level of IgMhigh CD38high CD24high transient B cells. These results support the hypothesis of a protective role of transient B lymphocytes. Activation of monocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood in the posttransplantation perion was also subject of research. We have compared a cohort of patients with normal graft function with a group of patients with acute rejection. The level of "transient" monocytes and HLA-DR expression in a subset of "non-classical" monocytes did not decrease in patients with rejection, compared to the group with a...
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Experience of peer rejection during childhood and adolescence (through the eyes of young adults)
NOVOTNÁ, Adéla
This bachelor thesis deals with the experience of young adults with peer rejection in childhood and adolescence. The theoretical part deals with the general characteristics of rejected children, reasons for rejection, forms of rejection and the consequences of rejection on the personality. Furthermore, attention is paid to differences in the perception of rejection and last but not least to the actual management and adaptation of rejected children. The research section, which is made qualitatively, using in-depth interviews, summarizes the experiences of young adults with peer rejection they have experienced in the past and focuses on how they coped with that experience.
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The role of IL-17 in kidney transplantation
Menšíková, Markéta ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
The role of IL-17 in kidney transplantation - abstract Naive CD4+ T-lymphocytes (Thp) can develop into Th17 line in the presence of TGF- and IL-6. Th17 cells are characterized by expression of Ror- t and by production of interleukin-17 (IL-17). It is secreted as a glycoprotein homodimer. Binding to IL-17 receptor (IL-17R), which is present in all cell types, stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The ratio of Th17: Treg in the graft showing signs of rejection is higher than in the graft without rejection. The presence of IL-17 in a culture of proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) stimulates the production of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and C3 complement component. Simultaneous action of IL-17 and CD40L synergistically increases the production of IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES. Signaling from the receptor on the surface of PTEC associated with its increased expression is effected via the src kinase and MAP kinase, and probably leads to the transcription factor NF- B. In rat models of transplantation, the IL-17 appears in allografts on the second day after surgery, the level rises until the fifth day, then decreases and disappears before the death of the animal. IL-17 is not detectable in isografts and negative controls. It appears before the IFN- , which had been considered a trigger of...
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Individual differences in maternal behavior (maternal style) of mammals
Leszkowová, Iva ; Špinka, Marek (advisor) ; Polák, Jakub (referee)
The expression "maternal style" in the wider sense serves to describe the interspecies interindividual and intraindividual, variability in the maternal care. In the narrow sense it is used only to designate permanent variability in the maternal behaviour among different mothers of the same species. The concept of the maternal style is based on a well-documented fact, that individual parts of maternal behaviour correlate with one another and this mutual bond enables to describe the varied repertoire of the mothers' behaviour by a few dimensions, such as e.g. protectiveness, restrictive, rejection and laissez-faire. Maternal style of primates was described in a wide range (e.g. Berman, 1990; Fairbanks, 1996). Up to today the existence of maternal style has been confirmed also with some rodents (guinea-pig: Albers, 1999; mouse: Benus a Rondigs, 1996), domestic animals (pig: e.g. Špinka et al., 2000; sheep: Dwyer a Lawrence, 2010; goat: O'Brien, 1984) and predators (dog: Wilsson, 1984). KEYWORDS : Maternal style, Maternal behavior, Individual differences, Parent-offspring conflict, Protectiveness, Rejection
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ELISpot methodology and prediction of acute rejection after renal transplantation.
Rybáková, Kateřina ; Slavčev, Antonij (advisor) ; Mrázek, František (referee)
Transplantation is the best therapeutic solution for patients with chronic renal failure. Due to the great advances in immunosuppressive therapy in the last decades, graft and patient survival have improved significantly. On the other hand, immunosuppressive therapy has serious side effects - too strong immunosuppression may lead to infection or malignancies, conversely insufficient immunosuppression may lead to graft rejection. Due to the grave consequences of acute rejection, the main goal of cooperation of clinicians and transplant immunologists is to stratify patients into groups with low, moderate and high risk of rejection based on the evaluation of various immunologic risk factors. There are reports in the literature that the numbers (frequencies) of interferon gamma (IFNγ) producing cells before transplantation may be helpful to identify patients with high risk of acute cellular rejection and to predict long-term survival of the graft. In this retrospective study we determined the pre-transplant frequencies of activated donor specific T lymphocytes producing IFNγ after short stimulation (24 hrs) by ELISpot (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay). The results were correlated with the incidence of acute cellular (ACR) and antibody-mediated (AMR) rejection and with other risk factors. In our...
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